Understanding Acne: The Science Behind Breakouts

Acne is a common skin condition, and understanding acne is the first step toward effective prevention and treatment. Find out more.

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Acne is one of the most common skin conditions, affecting millions of people globally, regardless of age, gender, or skin type. However, as a multifaceted condition, it is often misunderstood. Understanding the science behind acne is the first step toward effective prevention and treatment. Read on to find out the science behind breakouts, so you can know exactly what is happening beneath your skin.

Understanding Acne: What Is It?

Acne, or acne vulgaris, occurs when hair follicles (pores!) become clogged with oil, dead skin cells, and bacteria. While it may seem like a surface issue, acne is a complex condition influenced by internal and external factors. It can also appear in several forms. The main types of acne lesions you may encounter are:

  • Blackheads: Open pores clogged with sebum and dead skin cells, appearing black due to oxidation.
  • Whiteheads: Closed clogged pores, giving a white or flesh-colored appearance.
  • Papules and Pustules: Inflamed, red bumps (papules) or those filled with pus (pustules).
  • Cysts and Nodules: Severe forms of acne that occur deeper in the skin, often painful and prone to scarring.

The Role of Sebum & Hormones

Sebaceous glands, located within your hair follicles, produce sebum. Sebum is essential for maintaining the skin’s natural moisture barrier, but when produced in excess, it can clog pores. Therefore, this overproduction is a major contributing factor when it comes to acne development. This is why hormonal fluctuations, such as those experienced during puberty, menstrual cycles, pregnancy, or menopause, are closely linked to acne. Increased androgen hormones, in particular, can stimulate the sebaceous glands, leading to more sebum and, consequently, more breakouts.

Understanding Acne Bacteria

Bacteria is naturally present on the skin, and can be harmless. However, when dead skin cells are shed from the skin, they can accumulate and mix with excess sebum within the pores. This creates an ideal environment for acne bacteria to thrive and rapidly multiply, triggering an inflammatory response. This inflammation results in symptoms commonly associated with acne, such as redness, swelling, and tenderness.

Understanding Acne: Contributing Factors

While sebum, hormones, and bacteria are key players in the development of acne, other factors are thought to exacerbate breakouts:

  • Diet: Foods high in refined sugars or dairy products may spike insulin levels, potentially worsening acne.
  • Stress: Stress increases cortisol, which may stimulate excess sebum production.
  • Skincare Products: Comedogenic products (those that clog pores) can worsen acne.
  • Lifestyle Choices: Poor sleep, lack of hydration, or smoking can also negatively impact skin health.

Acne & The Microbiome

Recent research highlights a lesser-known aspect of acne is its relationship with the skin’s microbiome. The microbiome is a community of microorganisms that live on the skin’s surface, many of which play a role in maintaining balance and health. An imbalance in the microbiome may contribute to inflammatory skin conditions, including acne. Maintaining a healthy microbiome through gentle skincare and targeted probiotics is an emerging strategy for managing breakouts.

Managing Acne

Managing acne requires a combination of skincare, lifestyle changes, and, in some cases, professional intervention.

Skincare

Gentle cleansing with a mild, non-irritating cleanser is essential to remove dirt and excess oil without stripping the skin. Active ingredients like salicylic acid, benzoyl peroxide, and retinoids can target clogged pores and reduce bacterial activity. Hydration is equally important, as using a non-comedogenic moisturiser helps maintain the skin barrier, preventing dryness and irritation.

Lifestyle Changes

Lifestyle factors also play a significant role in managing breakouts. A balanced diet, stress management techniques, and avoiding frequent face-touching can all contribute to clearer skin.

Find a Therapist

For more stubborn acne, professional treatments like SkinBase Microdermabrasion, Hydro, or Intense Pulsed Light can be beneficial. Find your nearest SkinBase Therapist to get started.

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Client Testimonial: “Jodie is extremely professional and knowledgeable throughout the IPL treatment sessions. She explains the process and what to expect so that you are put at ease from the first consultation. During my IPL sessions, Jodie marked up the areas and avoided any moles or damaged skin, then preps using the cooler handle before a light shot. The light shot itself really doesn’t hurt, it’s done in seconds. The fact the skin is cooled first makes this an easy process to tolerate. I genuinely didn’t feel in pain at all and Jodie applied a lovely aloe balm to soothe the skin straight away. If anything I felt my appointments were more of a therapy as I knew I would be hair free come my holiday. After each session I came away feeling the progress getting better and better and by week 5 there was hardly any hair growth. I didn’t feel the need to shave anymore. I felt more confident and there is much less maintenance at home now which means I have more time for other things. I would highly recommend IPL hair removal by SkinBase and with Jodie as she made me feel at ease from the moment I asked about it and the difference it makes is life changing for someone who wasn’t so confident in her skin. I can’t wait for Summer and my holiday. Thanks Jodie & SkinBase.”